Academic Papers about pCell® Technology
(Academia refers to pCell Technology as “Cell-free Massive MIMO”)
A. Forenza, S. Perlman, F. Saibi, M. Di Dio, R. van der Laan and G. Caire, "Achieving large multiplexing gain in distributed antenna systems via cooperation with pCell technology," 2015 49th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 2015, pp. 286-293, doi: 10.1109/ACSSC.2015.7421132. E. Nayebi, A. Ashikhmin, T. L.Marzetta, H. Yang and B. D. Rao, "Precoding and Power Optimization in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems," in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 4445-4459, July 2017, doi:10.1109/TWC.2017.2698449. T. M. Hoang, H. Q. Ngo, T. Q. Duong, H. D. Tuan and A. Marshall, "Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks: Optimal Power Control Against Active Eavesdropping," in IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 66, no. 10, pp. 4724-4737,Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2018.2837132. H. Q. Ngo, H. Tataria, M. Matthaiou, S. Jin and E. G. Larsson, "On the Performance of Cell-Free Massive MIMO in Ricean Fading," 2018 52nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, 2018, pp. 980-984, Oct 2018, doi: 10.1109/ACSSC.2018.8645336. M. Bashar, K. Cumanan, A. G. Burr, M. Debbah and H. Q. Ngo, "On the Uplink Max–Min SINR of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems," in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 18,no. 4, pp. 2021-2036, April 2019, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2019.2892463. J. Zhang, S. Chen, Y. Lin, J. Zheng, B. Ai and L. Hanzo, "Cell-Free Massive MIMO: A New Next-Generation Paradigm," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 99878-99888, Jul 2019, doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2930208. M. Bashar, K. Cumanan, A. G. Burr, H.Q. Ngo, M. Debbah and P. Xiao, "Max–Min Rate of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Uplink With Optimal Uniform Quantization," in IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 67, no. 10, pp. 6796-6815, Oct. 2019, doi:10.1109/TCOMM.2019.2926706. X. Hu, C. Zhong, X. Chen, W. Xu, H. Lin and Z. Zhang, “Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems With Low Resolution ADCs,” in IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 67, no. 10, pp. 6844-6857, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2019.2927450. Emil Björnson, Luca Sanguinetti, Henk Wymeersch, Jakob Hoydis, Thomas L. Marzetta, “Massive MIMO is a Reality—What is Next?: Five Promising Research Directions for Antenna Arrays," Digital Signal Processing, Volume 94, Nov 2019, Pages 3-20, ISSN 1051-2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2019.06.007. M. Bashar, K. Cumanan, A. G. Burr, H.Q. Ngo, E. G. Larsson and P. Xiao, "Energy Efficiency of the Cell-Free Massive MIMO Uplink With Optimal Uniform Quantization," in IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 971-987, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1109/TGCN.2019.2932071. Dierks, S., Kramer, G., Panzner, B. et al., "Information Rates of Precoding for Massive MIMO and Base Station Cooperation in an Indoor Scenario," J Wireless Com Network 2020, 22(2020), Jan 2020, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1636-5. M. Bashar, K. Cumanan, A. G. Burr, H.Q. Ngo, L. Hanzo and P. Xiao, "On the Performance of Cell-Free Massive MIMO Relying on Adaptive NOMA/OMA Mode-Switching," in IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 792-810, Feb.2020, doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2019.2952574. H. Q. Ngo, A. Ashikhmin, H. Yang, E. G. Larsson and T. L. Marzetta, "Correction to “Cell-Free Massive MIMO Versus Small Cells” [Mar 17 1834-1850]," in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 3623-3624, May 2020, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2020.2974209. Yao Zhang, Meng Zhou, Haotong Cao, Yun Lin, Longxiang Yang, Hongbo Zhu, “Joint resource optimization in cell-free massive MIMO with low-resolution ADCs”, in IET Communications, vol 14, issue 12, July 2020, https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2019.0865. Yao Zhang, Meng Zhou, Haotong Cao, Longziang Yang, Hongbo Zhu, “Sum-rate maximization in uplink cell-free massive multiinput multioutpot system with jamming”, in Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, vol 31, issue 9, September 2020, https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4044. Palhares, V.M., de Lamare, R.C., Flores, A.R. and Landau, L.T. (2020), "Iterative AP Selection, MMSE Pre-coding and Power Allocation in Cell-free Massive MIMO Systems," IET Communications, 14:3996-4006. Feb 2021, https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2020.0627. Zheng, j., Zhang, J., Bo, A., "UAV Communications with WPT-aided Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems," in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas of Communications, vol. 20,no. 3, pp. 1756-1769, March 2021, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2020.3036281. L. Du, L. Li, H. Q. Ngo, T. C. Mai and M. Matthaiou, "Cell-Free Massive MIMO: Joint Maximum-Ratio and Zero-Forcing Precoder With Power Control," in IEEE Transactions onCommunications, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 3741-3756, June 2021, doi:10.1109/TCOMM.2021.3059300. Göttsch, F., Osawa, N., Ohseki, T., Yamazaki, K. and Caire, G., September 27, 2021, “The impact of subspace-based pilot decontamination in user-centric scalable cell-free wireless networks,” In 2021 IEEE 22nd International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC) (pp. 406-410), IEEE, Sep 2021, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2108.04579 A. A. Nasir, H. D. Tuan, H. Q. Ngo, T. Q. Duong and H. V. Poor, "Cell-Free Massive MIMO in the Short Blocklength Regime for URLLC," in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 5861-5871, Sept. 2021, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2021.3070836. X. Zhang, T. Liang, K. An, G. Zheng and S. Chatzinotas, "Secure Transmission in Cell-Free Massive MIMO With RF Impairments and Low-Resolution ADCs/DACs," in IEEE Transactions on VehicularTechnology, vol. 70, no. 9, pp. 8937-8949, Sept. 2021, doi:10.1109/TVT.2021.3098693. Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Jin, Y., Buzzi, S., Ai, B., "Deep Learning-Based Power Control for Uplink Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems", IEEE Globecom 2021, October 18, 2021, doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2110.09001. J. Zhang, J. Zhang, D. W. K. Ng, S. Jin and B. Ai, "Improving Sum-Rate of Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Expanded Compute-and-Forward," in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 70, pp. 202-215, 2022, November 19, 2021, doi: 10.1109/TSP.2021.3129337. Shuaifei Chen, Jiayi Zhang, Jing Zhang, Emil Björnson, Bo Ai, "A Survey on User-centric Cell-free Massive MIMO Systems", Digital Communications and Networks, December 30, 2021, ISSN 2352-8648, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2021.12.005. Zheng, J., Zhang, J., Ai, B., “Team-Optimal MMSE Combining for Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems,” IEEE ICC 2022, January 24, 2022, doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2201.09618. Shi, E., Zhang, J., Chen, S., Zheng, J., Zhang, Y., Ng, D. W. K., Ai, B., “Uplink Performance of High-Mobility Cell-Free Massive MIMO-OFDM Systems,” IEEE ICC 2022, January 24, 2022, doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2201.09622. Zheng, J., Zhang, J., Shi, E., Jiang, J., Ai, B., “Wireless Energy Transfer in RIS-Aided Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems: Opportunities and Challenges,” IEEE ComMag, January 27, 2022, doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2201.11302. Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Ngo, H. Q., Ai, B., Debbah, M., “Iteratively Weighted MMSE Uplink Precoding for Cell-Free Massive MIMO,” IEEE ICC 2022, January 27, 2022, doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2201.11299. Göttsch, F., Osawa, N., Ohseki, T., Yamazaki, K. and Caire, G., Jan 27, 2022, “Uplink-Downlink Duality and Precoding Strategies with Partial CSI in Cell-Free Wireless Networks,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2201.04922, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2201.04922 Göttsch, F., Osawa, N., Ohseki, T., Yamazaki, K. and Caire, G., March 1, 2022, “Subspace-Based Pilot Decontamination in User-Centric Scalable Cell-Free Wireless Networks,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.00714, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2203.00714 Zheng, J., Zhang, J., Björnson, E., Li, Z., Ai, B., “Cell-Free Massive MIMO-OFDM for High-Speed Train Communications,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, March 5, 2022, doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2205.02733. Y. Zhang, W. Xia, G. Zheng, H. Zhao, L. Yang and H. Zhu, "Secure Transmission in Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Low-Resolution DACs Over Rician Fading Channels," in IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 2606-2621, April 2022, doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2022.3147241. Chen, S., Zhang, J., Björnson, E., Demir, O. T., Ai, B., “Sparse Large-Scale Fading Decoding in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems,” IEEE SPAWC 2022, May 5, 2022, doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2205.02733. A. Sakhnini, M. Guenach, A. Bourdoux, H. Sahli and S. Pollin, “A Target Detection Analysis in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Joint Communication and Radar Systems,” ICC 2022 - IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2022, pp. 2567-2572, May 16, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ICC45855.2022.9838883. Li, B., Yang, L.-L., Maunder, R. G., Sun, S., and Xiao, P.,“Spectral-Efficiency of Cell-Free Massive MIMO with Multicarrier-Division Duplex”, June 17, 2022, doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2206.08774. Lin, X.; Xu, F.; Fu, J.; Wang, Y., “Resource Allocation for TDD Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems”, June 20, 2022, Electronics 2022, 11, 1914. doi.org/10.3390/electronics11121914. H. Song, T. Goldstein, X. You, C. Zhang, O. Tirkkonen and C. Studer, "Joint Channel Estimation and Data Detection in Cell-Free Massive MU-MIMO Systems," in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 4068-4084, June 2022, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2021.3126646. T. Van Chien, H. Q. Ngo, S. Chatzinotas, M. Di Renzo and B. Ottersten, “Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems Over Spatially-Correlated Channels,” in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 5106-5128, July 2022, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2021.3136925. Yang Cao, Pan Wang, Kang Zheng, Xianghu Liang, Dongjie Liu, Mengting Lou, Jing Jin, Qixing Wang, Dongming Wang, Yongming Huang, Xiaohu You, Jiangzhou Wang, “Experimental Performance Evaluation of Cell-free Massive MIMO Systems Using COTS RRU with OTA Reciprocity Calibration and Phase Synchronization”, Aug 30, 2022, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.14048v1.pdf H. D. Tuan, A. A. Nasir, H. Q. Ngo, E. Dutkiewicz and H. V. Poor, “Scalable User Rate and Energy-Efficiency Optimization in Cell-Free Massive MIMO,” in IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 70, no. 9, pp. 6050-6065, Sept. 2022, doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2022.3194046. Z. Wang, G. Liu, D. Zhang, X. Hua, L. Xu, and G. Xiao, “Edge-assisted massive video delivery over cell-free massive MIMO,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 25, p. 8566 – 8579, January 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/TMM.2023.3238551 M. Xie, X. Yu, Y. Rui, K. Wang, X. Dang et al.,“Performance analysis for user‑centric cell‑free massive MIMO systems with hardware impairments and multi‑antenna users”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 23, no.2, p. 1243 – 1259, February 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2023.3287577 D. Deng, C. Wang, Z. Zhang, L. Li, and Y.Jiao, “Joint flexible duplexing and power allocation with deep reinforcement learning in cell-free massive MIMO system,” China Communications, vol. 20, no.4, p. 73 – 85, April 2023, https://doi.org/10.23919/JCC.fa.2022-0520.202304 J. Zheng, J. Zhang, J. Cheng, V. C. M. Leung et al., “Asynchronous Cell-Free Massive MIMO with Rate-Splitting”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.41, no. 5, p. 1366 – 1382, May 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2023.3240709 F. Ye, X. You, J. Li, C. Zhang, P. Zhu et al.,“Implementation of 6G TKμ Extreme Connectivity via Cell‑Free Massive MIMO System: A Theoretical Evaluation”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 30, no. 3, p. 86 – 95, June 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2024.3456796 Y. Cao, P. Wang, K. Zheng, X. Liang, D. Liu, and W. Xiang, “Experimental performance evaluation of cell-free massive MIMO systems using COTS RRU with OTA reciprocity calibration and phase synchronization,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 41,no. 6, p. 1620 – 1634, June 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2023.3276057 J. Zheng, J. Zhang, H. Du, D. Niyato, and Y. Xu, “Cell-free massive MIMO enabled URLLC communication for the green Metaverse,”, 2023 IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications, June 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/MetaCom57706.2023.00096 Q. Peng, H. Ren, C. Pan, N. Liu et al., “Resource allocation for cell-free massive MIMO-enabled URLLC downlink systems”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 72, no. 6, p. 7669 – 7684, June2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3243571 X. Ma, X. Lei, P. T. Mathiopoulos, K. Yu,and X. Tang, “Scalable cell-free massive MIMO systems with finite resolution ADCs/DACs over spatially correlated Rician fading channels,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 72, no. 6, p. 7699 – 7716, June 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3243921 D.Yu, H. Lee, S. Hong, S. Park et al., “Learning decentralized power control in cell-free massive MIMO networks”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 72, no. 7, p. 9653 – 9658, July 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3251415 Y.Chen, X. Zhang, F. Yao, K. An, G. Zheng et al., “Pilot assignment and power control in secure UAV-enabled cell‑free massive MIMO networks”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 3377 – 3391, July 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2023.3296736 R. Zhang, K. Xiong, Y. Lu, D. W. K. Ng et al.,“SWIPT-enabled cell-free massive MIMO-NOMA networks: A machine learning-based approach”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 23, no. 7, p.6701 – 6718, July 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2023.3327596 E. Shi,Jie Zhang, Derrick W. K. Ng, Bin Ai et al., “Uplink performance of RIS-aided cell-free massive MIMO system with electromagnetic interference”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 41, no. 8, p. 2431 – 2445, August2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2023.3288265 X. Xia, D. Wang, J. Zhao, Z. Zhang et al., “Joint energy harvesting and transmission optimization for cell‑free massive MIMO with network‑assisted full duplexing”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 72, no. 6, p. 7439 – 7453, August 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3238723 S. Xu, Y. Cao, C. Li, D. Wang et al., “Spanning tree method for over-the-air channel calibration in 6G cell‑free massive MIMO”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 22, no. 8, p. 5567 – 5582, August 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2023.3235355 Y. C. Chuang, W. Y. Chiu, R. Y. Chang, and C. H. H. Lin, “Deep reinforcement learning for energy efficiency maximization in cache-enabled cell-free massive MIMO networks: Single- and multi-agent approaches,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 72, no. 8,p. 10826 – 10839, August 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3259109 M. Mohammadi, Z. Mobini, H. Q. Ngo, and M. Matthaiou, “Next generation multiple access with cell-free massive MIMO,” Authorea Preprints, vol. 112, no. 9, p. 1372 – 1420, September 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2024.3451372 H.Li, Y. Wang, C. Sun, Z. Wang et al., “User-centric cell-free massive MIMO for IoT in highly dynamic environments”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 10264–10277, September 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2023.3319715 Z. Gao, S. Liu, Y. Su, Z. Li, D. Zheng, “Hybrid knowledge-data driven channel semantic acquisition and beamforming for cell-free massive MIMO”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, vol. 17, no. 5, p. 964 – 979, September 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTSP.2023.3299175 J. Fu, P. Zhu, J. Li, Y. Wang, X. You, “Beamforming design in short-packet transmission for URLLC in cell‑free massive MIMO system”, IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 17, no.3, September 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2023.3234006 S. N. Jin, D. W. Yue, Y. L. Chen, and Q. Hu, “Energy efficiency maximization in IRS-aided cell-free massive MIMO system,” IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 12, no. 10, p. 1652 – 1656, October 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2023.3276868 J. Jiang, F. Yan, Y. Ye, W. Sutthiphan et al.,“Traffic demand‑oriented cell‑free massive MIMO network”, IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 12, no. 11, p. 1861 – 1865, November 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2023.3296527 X.Ma, D. Zhang, M. Xiao, C. Huang et al., “Cooperative beamforming for RIS-aided cell-free massive MIMO networks”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 22, no. 11, p. 7243 – 7258, November 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2023.3249241 Q. Sun, X. Ji, Z. Wang, X. Chen, Y. Yang et al., “Uplink performance of hardware‑impaired cell‑free massive MIMO with multi‑antenna users and superimposed pilots”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 71, no. 11, November 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2023.3301071 Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Buzzi, H. Xiao et al., “Unsupervised deep learning for power control of cell‑free massive MIMO systems”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 72, no. 7, p. 9585– 9590, November 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3245566 L. Diao, H. Wang, J. Li, P. Zhu, D. Wang et al., “A scalable deep‑learning‑based active user detection approach for SEU‑assisted cell‑free massive MIMO systems”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 10, no.22, p. 19666 – 19680, November 2023 https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2023.3282271 Yun Zhang, Wei Xia, Hui Zhao, Guangheng Zheng et al.,“Performance analysis of RIS-assisted cell-free massive MIMO systems with transceiver hardware impairments”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 71, no. 12, p. 7258 – 7272, December 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2023.3306890 J. Zeng,T. Wu, Y. Song, Y. Zhong, T. Lv et al., “Achieving Energy-Efficient Massive URLLC over Cell-Free Massive MIMO”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 2198 – 2210, January 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2023.3293008 S. Kim, J. Wu, B. Shim, M. Z. Win, “Cell‑free massive non‑terrestrial networks”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 43, no. 1, p 201 – 217, January 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2024.3460080 F. Li, Q. Sun, X. Chen, J. Zhang et al., “Spectral efficiency analysis of uplink cell‑free massive MIMO symbiotic radio”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 3614 – 3627, January 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2023.3298380 M. Lan, Y. Hei, M. Huo, H. Li, W. Li et al., “A new framework of RIS-aided user-centric cell-free massive MIMO system for IoT networks”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 1110 – 1121, January 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2023.3288477 Y. Gao, H. Hu, J. Chen, X. Wang, X. Chu, and M. Chen,“A matching-based pilot assignment algorithm for cell-free massive MIMO networks,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 73, no. 1, p. 1453 –1457, January 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3309896 D. B. T. Almeida, M. S. Alencar, R. M.Duarte, H. S. Silva, and R. S. H. S. Ribeiro, “On the Adaptive Modulation for User-Centric Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems,” IEEE Access, vol. 12, p. 35325 – 35336, January 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3370944 Ö.T.Demir, M. Masoudi, E. Björnson et al., “Cell-free massive MIMO in O-RAN: Energy-aware joint orchestration of cloud, fronthaul, and radio resources”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 42, no. 2, p. 356 – 372, February 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2023.3336187 MS Oh, AB Das, S Hosseinalipour, T Kim et al., “A decentralized pilot assignment algorithm for scalable O-RAN cell‑free massive MIMO”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 42, no. 2, p. 373– 388, February 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2023.3336154 L. Xu, Q. Zhu, W. Xia, T. Q. S. Quek et al., “Air-ground collaborative resource optimization in UAV empowered cell‑free massive MIMO systems”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 72, no. 4, p. 2485 – 2499, April 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2023.3345016 P. Zhang, J. Zhang, H. Xiao, X. Zhang et al., “Joint distributed precoding and beamforming for RIS‑aided cell‑free massive MIMO systems”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 73, no. 4, p. 5994 –5999, April 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3334229 G. Li, S. Wu, C. You, W. Zhang, G. Shang et al., “Cell-free massive MIMO-OFDM: Asynchronous reception and performance analysis”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 11, no. 7, p. 11894 – 11906, April 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2023.3333532 E. Shi, J. Zhang, H. Du, B. Ai, C. Yuen, D. Niyato et al., “RIS-aided cell-free massive MIMO systems for 6G: Fundamentals, system design, and applications”, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 112, no. 4, p. 331 – 364, April 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2024.3404491 X. Qiao, Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, H. Fang, and D. W. K. Ng, “Novel beamforming design for IRS-assisted cell-free massive MIMO systems,” IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 13, no. 4, p. 1068 – 1072, April2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2024.3360114 S. Kurma, K. Singh, P. K. Sharma, C. P. Li et al., “On the performance analysis of full‑duplex cell‑free massive MIMO with user mobility and imperfect CSI”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol.73, no. 5, p. 3683 – 3701, May 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2024.3490503 H. Li, W. Sun, Q. Song, L. Guo, and H. Lei, “Exploiting RIS's role for energy efficiency and security in cell-free massive MIMO networks,” IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 28, no. 5, p. 1087 – 1091, May 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2024.3369622 C. Hao, T. T. Vu, H. Q. Ngo, M. N. Dao, X. Dang et al., “Joint user association and power control for cell-free massive MIMO”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 11, no. 9, p. 15823 – 15841, May 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2024.3351633 Y. Chen, W. 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Popovski,“Combined DL-UL distributed beamforming design for cell-free massive MIMO,” IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 13, no. 6, p. 1621 – 1625, June2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2024.3383950 R. Liu, Z. Wan, J. Wang, H. Zhou, J. Li et al., “Fingerprint-based 3D hierarchical localization for cell‑free massive MIMO systems”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 73, no. 6, p. 1178 – 1192, June 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3348873 J. Dai, J.Ge, K. Zhi, C. Pan, Z. Zhang et al., “Two‑timescale transmission design for RIS‑aided cell‑free massive MIMO systems”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 23, no. 6, p. 6498 – 6517, June 2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2023.3332945 S. N. Jin, K. Xin, M. Ju, J. Ma, and G. Li,“RIS-Aided cell-free massive MIMO system: A two-timescale optimization scheme,” IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 13, no. 8, p. 2230 – 2234, August2024, https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2024.3409422 E. Shi, J. Zhang, J. 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